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"Preface" [2019] ELECD 1905; in Villar Ezcurra, Marta; Milne, E. Janet; Ashiabor, Hope; Skou Andersen, Mikael (eds), "Environmental Fiscal Challenges for Cities and Transport" (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019) xiii

Book Title: Environmental Fiscal Challenges for Cities and Transport

Editor(s): Villar Ezcurra, Marta; Milne, E. Janet; Ashiabor, Hope; Skou Andersen, Mikael

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Section Title: Preface

Number of pages: 2

Extract:

Preface
The concentration of the majority of the world's population in large
cities and the ever-increasing transport of people and goods, both
internationally and locally, are among the most pressing environmental
challenges in the twenty-first century. A United Nations study in 2018
projected that over two-thirds of the world's population will live in urban
areas by 2050, compared to just over half today. Urbanization and eco-
nomic growth, projected by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development to almost quadruple by 2050, will put increasing
pressure on cities and transport, heightening the risks of pollution and
congestion.
Environmental policies are needed to address the interrelated environ-
mental impacts of urban concentration and transport in the context of
growing globalization and the new digital economy. Policy makers face
a wide array of issues, including the production, transport and supply
of energy, waste treatment, smart city design, different modes of urban
transport and the need to develop the fiscal capacity to adequately address
these and other challenges. Economic environmental instruments can play
a role in shaping behaviour and generating new revenue.
Volume XXI of Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation explores
specific ways in which environmental taxes and other economic instru-
ments can help to address these issues. It begins with chapters that
consider the implications of twenty-first century challenges of the
new digital world and fiscal constraints. It then turns to the ways in
which economic instruments can encourage urban sustainability in the
face of ...